विनास पछिको विकासमा जापान, जर्मनी जस्ता देशहरू उदाहरणीय छन्। पहिलो विश्व युद्धमा आफैले निकै ठूलो क्षति वेहोरेको जर्मनीलाई त्यो विश्व युद्धको समाप्ति पछि बेलायत, फ्रान्स र अन्य विजेता राष्ट्रहरूले ठूलो मात्रामा क्षतिपूर्ति भराउन बाध्य पारे। क्षतिपूर्ति सहित युद्ध अन्त्य गर्ने यस सन्धिलाई ” वर्साइ सन्धि (Treaty of Versailles) ” भनिन्छ।
खासमा युद्धको मुख्य दोषी जर्मनीलाई ठहर्याउँदै वर्साइ सन्धिको धारा 231, जसलाई “युद्ध अपराध धारा” (War Guilt Clause) भनिन्छमा, जर्मनी र यसका सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूलाई पहिलो विश्व युद्धको सम्पूर्ण दोषी मानिएको थियो। यसले जर्मनीलाई युद्धका सबै आर्थिक, मानवीय र भौतिक क्षतिहरूको लागि जिम्मेवार ठहरायो।
त्यसकारण विजेताहरूले क्षतिपूर्तिको माग गर्दै युद्धको समयमा ध्वस्त भएका क्षेत्रहरू पुनर्निर्माण गर्न र युद्धको आर्थिक भारलाई सम्बोधन गर्नु पर्ने भनेर क्षतिपूर्ति स्वरूप जर्मनीलाई बेल्जियम, फ्रान्स र अन्य युद्ध प्रभावित क्षेत्रहरूको पुनर्निर्माणका लागि ठूलो मात्रामा रकम तिर्नुपर्ने गरी सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्न बाध्य पारियो।जर्मनहरू यसमा असन्तुष्ट थिए।
युरोप महाद्वीपमा विद्रोही र विध्वंसक राष्ट्रको आरोप थोपरेर जर्मनीको आर्थिक शक्तिलाई कमजोर पार्ने उद्देश्य पनि वर्साइ सन्धिको थियो ताकि भविष्यमा फेरि यस्तो ठूलो युद्ध नहोस्। वर्साइ सन्धिले जर्मनीलाई तत्कालीन मूल्य अनुसार 132 अर्ब गोल्ड मार्क्स क्षतिपूर्ति तिर्नुपर्ने निर्धारण गर्यो। यसले जर्मनीको औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा समेत नकारात्मक असर पार्यो। यो रकम जर्मनीको अर्थतन्त्रका लागि एकदमै भारी थियो र यसले जर्मनीलाई दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक संकटमा धकेल्यो।
उता, बेलायत, फ्रान्स र अन्य विजेता राष्ट्रहरूले आफ्नो जनताको सामु युद्धका लागि जिम्मेवार पक्षलाई सजाय दिलाउन राजनीतिक दबाब महसुस गरेका थिए। यसले गर्दा उनीहरूले जर्मनीलाई कडा शर्तहरू लगाउन प्रेरित गर्यो।यी कारणहरूले गर्दा पहिलो विश्व युद्धपछि जर्मनीलाई ठूलो मात्रामा क्षतिपूर्ति तिराइयो, जसले देशको आर्थिक, सामाजिक र राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई गम्भीर रूपले प्रभावित गर्यो।
दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध (1939-1945) संसारभरिका धेरै राष्ट्रहरूबीच भएको एक ठूलो र विनाशकारी संघर्ष थियो। यो युद्धको सुरुआत मुख्यतया “वर्साइ सन्धिको असन्तोष” नै थियो। पहिलो विश्व युद्धपछि हस्ताक्षर गरिएको वर्साइ सन्धिले जर्मनीमाथि कडा शर्तहरू लगाएको थियो। यी शर्तहरूले जर्मनीमा असन्तोष र राष्ट्रियतावादी भावनाहरू उत्पन्न गर्यो, जसले हिटलरको उदय र विस्तारवादी नीतिहरूलाई प्रोत्साहन दियो।
एडोल्फ हिटलरको नेतृत्वमा नाजी जर्मनीले आफ्नो क्षेत्र विस्तार गर्ने उद्देश्य राखेको थियो। हिटलरले 1938 मा अस्ट्रिया र 1939 मा चेकोस्लोभाकियाको सुडेटनल्याण्ड क्षेत्रलाई जर्मनीमा समाहित गर्यो।
त्यसैगरी 1 सेप्टेम्बर 1939 मा जर्मनीले पोल्याण्डमा आक्रमण गर्यो। जर्मनीको महत्त्वाकाङ्क्षी यस कदम. विरूध्द बेलायत र फ्रान्सलाई युद्ध घोषणा गर्न बाध्य पार्यो, जसले दोस्रो विश्व युद्धको औपचारिक सुरुआत गर्यो।पहिलो विश्व युद्धमा पराजय भोगेका राष्ट्रहरू मिलेर आफ्नो शक्ति विस्तार गर्ने प्रयास भइराखेको थियो। जर्मनी, इटाली र जापान यस समूहका मुख्य सदस्य थिए। अघिल्लो युद्धबाटै जर्मनीसँग बिच्किएका शक्ति राष्ट्रहरू ( बेलायत, फ्रान्स, सोभियत संघ र पछि अमेरिकासमेत)ले धुरी राष्ट्रहरूको विस्तारवादी नीतिहरूको विरोध गर्न संघर्ष गरे।
यस प्रकार, दोस्रो विश्व युद्धको सुरुआत जर्मनीको आक्रमण र धुरी राष्ट्रहरूको विस्तारवादी योजनाहरूको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।
जर्मनीको ह्याम्वर्गस्थित बंकर
दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धसँग जोडिएको जर्मनीको ह्याम्बर्गस्थित सेन्ट पाउलीमा रहेको बंकर, जसलाई “सेंट पाउली बंकर” पनि भनिन्छ, दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धको समयमा निर्माण गरिएको एक विशाल संरचना हो। यसको निर्माणको उद्देश्य शहरमा हवाई आक्रमणबाट सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्नु थियो।
बंकरको इतिहास:
सन् 1942 मा, नाजी जर्मनीको शासनकालमा, बंकरको निर्माण कार्य सुरु भयो।
उद्देश्य : यो बंकर ह्यामबर्ग शहरमा बसोबास गर्ने नागरिकहरूलाई हवाई आक्रमणबाट जोगाउन बनाइएको थियो।
आकार र क्षमता : बंकरको संरचना अत्यन्तै ठुलो छ। यसले करिब 18 हजार मानिसलाई सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न सक्छ। यसका पर्खालहरू 3.5 मिटर मोटा छन्।
विशेषताहरू : बंकरमा चारवटा ठूला टावरहरू छन्। यसले नाजी प्रचार प्रसारका लागि रेडियो प्रसारण उपकरण पनि समावेश गर्थ्यो।
युद्धपछि : युद्धको अन्त्यपछि, यो बंकरलाई विभिन्न प्रयोजनहरूमा प्रयोग गरियो। शीत युद्धको समयमा, यो बंकरलाई पुनः प्रयोगमा ल्याउने प्रयास गरिएको थियो।
वर्तमानमा : अहिले, यो बंकर विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक तथा सामाजिक गतिविधिको केन्द्र बनेको छ। यसमा संगीत स्टुडियो, कला ग्यालरीहरू र क्लबहरू छन्। यसको छतमा एक सौर्य उर्जा संयन्त्र रहेको छ।
निष्कर्षः ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व बोकेको यो बंकर ह्याम्बर्गको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक धरोहर हो, जसले द्वितीय विश्वयुद्धको कालखण्डको याद दिलाउँछ भने अहिले, सेंट पाउली बंकर ह्याम्बर्गको एक प्रसिद्ध सांस्कृतिक स्थल हो, जसले विभिन्न प्रकारका कार्यक्रमहरूको आयोजना गर्दछ।
सेंट पाउली बंकर ह्याम्बर्गको इतिहास र संस्कृतिमा एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थल बनेको छ। दैनिक हजारौंको संख्यामा मानिसहरू पुगेर त्यसको अवलोकन गर्ने र त्यहाँबाट देखिने ह्याम्वर्गको धित मरून्जेल दृश्यावलोकन गर्ने र क्यामेरामा कैद गर्ने रहेछन्।जर्मनी भ्रमणको क्रममा यो लेखकले पनि यसको अवलोकन र यसको ऐतिहासिकता वारे जानकारी लिने मौका पाएकोले ह्याम्वर्गको एक प्रतीक बनेको सेन्ट पाउली बंकरका बारेमा यहाँ उल्लेख गरेको छु।
गोपाल गिरी, हालः जर्मनी
betturkey
betturkey
Your writing has a way of resonating with me on a deep level. I appreciate the honesty and authenticity you bring to every post. Thank you for sharing your journey with us.
lamerler olmez
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having a tough time
locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an e-mail.
I’ve got some creative ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing.
Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.
This is my first time visit at here and i am truly happy to read everthing at alone place.
Here is my website: สาระน่ารู้
Greetings! I’ve been following your weblog for a long
time now and finally got the courage to go ahead and give you a shout out
from Lubbock Texas! Just wanted to mention keep up the fantastic work!
I visited multiple web pages but the audio quality for audio songs present at this web
site is actually marvelous.
Excellent beat ! I would like to apprentice at the same time as you amend your site, how could i subscribe for a blog website?
The account helped me a applicable deal. I have been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered brilliant transparent concept
I have been surfing online greater than 3 hours as
of late, yet I by no means discovered any interesting article
like yours. It is beautiful worth sufficient for me.
In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made excellent content as you did, the
net might be much more helpful than ever before.
I will right away snatch your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or
e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly allow me realize in order that I may subscribe.
Thanks.
You can Buy Saxenda here – https://usascripthelpers.com/saxenda/
my web site homepage
I am sure this article has touched all the internet viewers, its really
really pleasant paragraph on building up new weblog.
Aw, this was a very good post. Spending some time and actual effort to generate a superb article… but what
can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be actually something which I think
I would never understand. It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me.
I am looking forward for your next post, I will try to get
the hang of it!
Excellent site you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours
nowadays. I seriously appreciate people like
you! Take care!!
Somebody essentially lend a hand to make significantly posts I might state That is the very first time I frequented your web page and up to now I surprised with the research you made to create this particular put up amazing Excellent job
I got this site from my buddy who shared with me concerning this web page and now this
time I am visiting this web site and reading very informative posts at this
time.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the
video to make your point. You obviously know what
youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just
posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us
something enlightening to read?
Link exchange is nothing else however it is just placing the other person’s webpage link on your page at proper place and other person will also do similar in favor of you.
Pretty great post. I simply stumbled upon your blog and wanted to
mention that I’ve truly loved browsing your weblog posts.
In any case I’ll be subscribing in your feed and I hope you write
once more soon!
Pretty element of content. I just stumbled upon your website and in accession capital to assert that I get actually loved account your weblog posts.
Anyway I’ll be subscribing to your feeds or even I achievement you get admission to consistently quickly.
I got this web page from my pal who shared with me concerning this web page and at the moment this
time I am visiting this web site and reading very informative posts here.
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a friend who
has been conducting a little research on this. And he in fact bought me
dinner due to the fact that I found it for him… lol.
So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!!
But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this subject here on your
internet site.
Everything is very open with a very clear explanation of the
issues. It was definitely informative. Your website is very useful.
Many thanks for sharing!
XESS Advertising is one of the leading advertising companies in Dubai,
providing full-service design, printing, fabrication,
and installation. With 10 years of market knowledge in UAE and
highly skilled staff, XESS offers every client the best you can ever find.
Hey! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be okay.
I’m absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
Thank you a lot for sharing this with all people you actually recognize what you’re talking about!
Bookmarked. Kindly additionally talk over with my website =).
We will have a hyperlink change arrangement among us
Hi there it’s me, I am also visiting this web site on a regular basis, this web page is actually good and the
people are truly sharing nice thoughts.
hello there and thank you for your info – I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right
here. I did however expertise several technical issues using this website,
since I experienced to reload the site lots of times previous to I could
get it to load properly. I had been wondering if
your hosting is OK? Not that I’m complaining, but slow loading instances times will
often affect your placement in google and could damage your high quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords.
Well I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and could look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating content.
Ensure that you update this again very soon.
You’re so interesting! I don’t believe I’ve read something like this before.
So nice to find somebody with some unique thoughts on this subject matter.
Seriously.. thanks for starting this up. This website
is one thing that is required on the web, someone with a bit of originality!
Look into my web blog :: สาระน่ารู้
deneme bonusu veren siteler
MetaMask Extension secures your Ethereum and allows seamless interaction with DApps. Install MetaMask to easily manage your crypto and explore the decentralized web.
Download and install MetaMask extension with this beginner guide. Securely set up MetaMask for Ethereum and Web3 applications.
MetaMask stands out as one of the most popular wallet solutions, especially for interacting with Ethereum-based applications. This guide covers everything you need to know about downloading and installing the MetaMask Extension, empowering you to manage your digital assets with ease.
From start to finish, everything was perfect. Thank you for being so awesome and helpful!
You made my day! Thank you for the amazing service – couldn’t be happier!
Thank you! Couldn’t have asked for a better experience. Everything was spot on!
You made my day! Thank you for the amazing service – couldn’t be happier!
From start to finish, everything was perfect. Thank you for being so awesome and helpful!
Huge shoutout to the staff for being incredible! Thanks for everything, really appreciate it!
Super happy with the service! You guys rock! Thanks for making everything so easy.
Awesome post, thanks!
Thanks for sharing!
Appreciate your effort!
Thanks for your time!
Thanks for the inspiration!
Really appreciate this.
Appreciate the share!
Great content, thanks!
Thank you so much for your help! I truly appreciate your support and guidance. https://metamask-extension-1059.blogspot.com/2024/11/how-to-download-and-set-up-metamask.html
Consider this my ‘thanks.’ Use it wisely.
That’ll do. Thanks.
Grateful, but let’s not make a big deal out of it.
A rare moment of appreciation from me. Thanks.
Cheers, I owe you one… maybe.
Consider this my ‘thanks.’ Use it wisely.
Noted. Thanks.
That’ll do. Thanks.
Grateful for the insights, thanks again. For additional support, visit https://docs.extension.support/.
Much appreciated, this was exactly what I needed! More at https://download.extension.support/
Thanks. https://sites.google.com/view/metamask-extension-62165/metamask-extension-for-chrome-firefox-and-brave-a-comprehensive-guide
Thank you for being part of this journey! https://docs.webstore.it.com/
Thank you for taking the time to read! https://webstore.builders
Thank you. https://docs.webstore.guru/
Thanks. https://casibom.agency/
Thanks. https://casiboms.it.com/
Thanks. https://extensions.work/
Thanks. https://casibom.works/
MetaMask Extension provides secure wallet integration, dApp connectivity, and seamless access to DeFi platforms. Start exploring Web3 today! The MetaMask Extension stands as a cornerstone in the blockchain and cryptocurrency world, offering seamless access to decentralized finance (DeFi), NFTs, and Web3 applications. https://webstore.work/
Chainlist lets you easily connect to multiple blockchain networks. Simplify wallet setups, save time, and boost your crypto management! https://chainlist.cam/
Burç özellikleri hakkında merak edilen her şey! Tüm burçların genel ve özel karakteristik özelliklerini keşfetmek için bu rehberi inceleyin. https://tedez.com/burc-ozellikleri/
Импорт товаров играет ключевую роль в обеспечении стабильных поставок в Российскую Федерацию. Это многогранный механизм, включающий транспортировку, обработку документов и оптимизацию логистики. Правильное планирование и сотрудничество с профессионалами гарантируют эффективность и гарантируют своевременную доставку.
Одной из важнейших целей в грузоперевозках является выбор логистического решения – https://ved-mezhdunarodnaya-logistika.ru/ . Для организации поставок используются разнообразные способы: морские перевозки экономически эффективны, авиационные пути — товаров с ограниченным сроком, а автомобильные и железнодорожные — оптимальны для гибкости. Протяженность России часто предполагает смешанные перевозки.
Не менее важным этапом является оформление документов. Компетентное оформление договорным актам, соблюдение законодательства и осведомленность о рисках обеспечивают успех. Работа с профессионалами позволяет учитывать особенности, минимизирует задержки.
Современные технологии оптимизируют работу с импортом. Платформы контроля, автоматизация управления запасами и аналитические платформы обеспечивают эффективность поставок. Компании благодаря этому быть гибкими, адаптироваться к требованиям и сохранять стабильность.
Транснациональные поставки основана на стратегии, высокой компетенции и работы с профессионалами. Это главное звено, позволяющий отечественным бизнесам конкурировать на мировом рынке и участвовать в глобальной торговле.
Download MetaMask Extension for Chrome to securely manage your crypto wallet. Follow this easy guide to install and start using MetaMask in minutes! https://sites.google.com/view/download-metamask-extension-41/home
Download MetaMask extension today for secure crypto wallet access. Follow our step-by-step guide to install it effortlessly on your browser. https://extension.wtf/
MetaMask is a browser extension and mobile application designed to simplify the interaction between users and blockchain-based applications (dApps). https://sites.google.com/view/metamask-extension-guide-39/home